Attic Philosophy
Attic Philosophy
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Axioms in logic
You can request a video from me by starting an AbleBees petition: www.ablebees.com/team/atticphilosophy
You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy
00:00 - Intro
01:57 - Why use axioms?
03:56 - Typical Axioms
06:42 - Axioms vs schemes
08:03 - Axiomatic systems
08:35 - Proofs
09:18 - Different axiomatic systems
10:39 - Example: the identity axiom
15:04 - Working out axiom instances
15:34 - Example: explosion
19:25 - Difficult case: permutation
20:33 - Proof recipes
21:25 - The Deduction Theorem
If there’s a topic you’d like to see covered, leave me a comment below.
Links:
My academic philosophy page: markjago.net
My book What Truth Is: bit.ly/JagoTruth
Most of my publications are available freely here: philpapers.org/s/Mark%20Jago
Get in touch on Social media!
Twitter: PhilosophyAttic
#logic
Переглядів: 1 864

Відео

How to Learn Online in 2024
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There are so many ways to learn online, but which ones actually work? I've both taught and learnt online, so here's my take on the best approaches, plus advice on making the most out of online tutoring. You can request a video from me by starting an AbleBees petition: www.ablebees.com/team/atticphilosophy You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/a...
Descartes Mind-Body Dualism
Переглядів 1,2 тис.2 місяці тому
What is the human mind, and how does it differ from our brain? According to Rene Descartes, the mind and the physical world are completely separate. Let’s look at his theory and his arguments. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 00:35 - Substance dualism 03:45 - What am I? 05:53 - The argument from doubt 09:19 - ...
Descartes: Knowledge and Scepticism
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Descartes' writings on knowledge and scepticism revolutionised modern philosophy. In this video, we take a look at his innovative method, his arguments for scepticism, and how he tried to restore certainty. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 00:47 - Background 02:43 - Descartes’ two-part strategy 04:09 - The arg...
René Descartes
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René Descartes (1596-1650) is one of the greatest thinker of all time. He made important contributions to mathematics, physics, epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind. In this video, we'll take a look at Descartes’s (pretty crazy) life, the intellectual background to his achievements, and three of his biggest and most enduring idea. You can support the channel and help it grow by con...
Wittgenstein on Meaning
Переглядів 2,8 тис.6 місяців тому
Wittgenstein changed the course of philosophy with his 1953 book, Philosophical Investigations. One of his most famous ideas is “meaning is use”. But what does that mean, and why was it so influential? You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 01:01 - The Augustinian View of Language 03:41 - Why Augustine? 05:14 - Witt...
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Wittgenstein's Private Language argument is one of the central parts of his philosophy of language and mind. It appears in his Philosophical Investigations (1952) as part of his famous 'later' philosophy of language. But what is the argument, and what does it tell us about the nature of language and meaning? In this video, we'll find out. You can support the channel and help it grow by contribu...
Wittgenstein and the Rule Following Paradox
Переглядів 4,4 тис.7 місяців тому
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Bertrand Russell's Philosophy
Переглядів 6 тис.8 місяців тому
Bertrand Russell was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th Century. In this video, I explain some of his most important ideas, covering analytic philosophy, realism and idealism, language, knowledge, perception, the mind, ethics, politics, and religion. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 00:29 - A...
Bertrand Russell
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Bertrand Russell was a philosopher, logician, and mathematician, who became a world-famous popular writer on religion, marriage, pacifism, nuclear disarmament, and many other important topics. He’s one of my all-time favourite philosophers. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 00:56 - Russell’s family 02:05 - Univ...
How to use academic journal rankings
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If you’re serious about academic publishing, you should know what the various journal ranking systems are good (and not so good) for. Some of the main rankings for philosophy journals: Leiter rankings, leiterreports.typepad.com/blog/2022/07/best-general-philosophy-journals-2022.html www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?category=1211 You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on m...
Professor's #1 tip for starting uni in 2023
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Are yo starting university in 2023? Here's my number 1 tip for doing well and getting the most out of your time at uni. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 00:22 - Just turn up! 00:43 - 3 reasons why 01:16 - What Covid did 03:36 - Why in-person learning is so important 05:08 - Online dropout 06:27 - Pick up on in...
How to revise & resubmit your journal paper
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Academic journals often give you a 'revise and resubmit' decision. What does this mean, and how should you go about revising your article for resubmission? How should you deal with the process? Is it even worth doing? What about difficult referees and upsetting comments? You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 01:23 ...
Dealing with academic rejection
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Rejection is a hard fact of academic life, whether in publishing articles, applying for jobs, or just trying to get your ideas out here. It's never nice, but it's something we all need to learn to live with. In this video, I talk about some strategies for coping and for thinking through things when you have a paper rejected. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-...
The costs of living ethically
Переглядів 57410 місяців тому
In this video, I discuss the emotional, social, and psychological costs, as well as the financial costs, of making ethical choices and living an ethical life. I give some practical examples and some philosophical and practical advice on dealing with these issues. You can support the channel and help it grow by contributing on my Ko-fi page: ko-fi.com/atticphilosophy 00:00 - Intro 02:40 - Travel...
How to publish a research paper
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Wittgenstein's Tractatus
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Wittgenstein's Tractatus
Wittgenstein
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Wittgenstein
How to read philosophy
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How to smash your exams
Sin & Dust in His Dark Materials
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How to understand Sequent Calculus
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Coming up in 2023
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Can we know about God?
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Can we know about God?
Does logic describe the world?
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Does logic describe the world?
Is the world necessary?
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Is the world necessary?

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @Kimbie
    @Kimbie День тому

    Thank you, philosophy-David Tennant!

  • @MatthewMartinDean
    @MatthewMartinDean День тому

    My thought listening to this is that the argument could take a hint from epistemology in science. Falsehood exists and we can make the infinite lists of falsehoods. Possible Truth is everything not on that list, so a two value logic of False and Maybe and it is just a list of sentences of the chalkboard again. Paradoxes can go in the maybe column.

  • @user-sq6rn5gu6c
    @user-sq6rn5gu6c 2 дні тому

    Thanks , keep up the great work

  • @mathcritic
    @mathcritic 3 дні тому

    Is this semantic tableaux (like in the Kelly book)?

  • @mathcritic
    @mathcritic 3 дні тому

    So why the double negation of q at 6:26? I was expecting q,r,~p.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 3 дні тому

      It’s the negated conclusion. q&r->p is a premise - don’t negate that.

    • @mathcritic
      @mathcritic 3 дні тому

      @@AtticPhilosophy Thanks! I was confused about what you were doing. I thought you were somehow trying to prove q&r->p by assuming q and r and applying impl-intro. Now I see you were actually proving ~q from q&r->p, r, and ~p. Makes complete sense!

  • @user-zs1dk7lk1r
    @user-zs1dk7lk1r 3 дні тому

    How about undecidable?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 3 дні тому

      That’s not a good contrast term to true/false, since some sentences are true/false but also undecidable. “Undetermined” would be better.

  • @ericbrelsford9309
    @ericbrelsford9309 3 дні тому

    Music is distracting. It's like having music over the PA while in class or a band playing in the next classroom while the teach is speaking. Some people might like that. I pose you could get more views by having a music/no music option.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 3 дні тому

      There’s no music in recent videos - have a look there.

  • @jonc6463
    @jonc6463 3 дні тому

    Dialetheism is an important response to this issue - & works well.

  • @jonc6463
    @jonc6463 3 дні тому

    Limits of incompleteness would be helpful as a contextual & philosophical limit to these smaller statements.

  • @jonc6463
    @jonc6463 3 дні тому

    Nominalism’s antithetical is Platonism rather than realism.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 3 дні тому

      There are intermediate positions - neither nominalist nor platonist.

  • @ASMRChess
    @ASMRChess 4 дні тому

    I have a question regarding this great video. Can you help me understand this a bit better? (¬B → ¬ A) → ((¬B → A) → B) I’ve tried substituting in some sentences for the variables, but it didn’t make sense so I must have messed up. This is what I tried B = I have a chessboard A = I can play chess From that I seem to get: If it is the case, that if (“if I don’t have a chessboard, then I can’t play chess”) → (“if I don’t have a chessboard then I can play chess”) → (“I can play chess.”) If it was (¬B → ¬ A) → ((¬B ∧ A) → B) Then I think I could get it to make sense. I know this is a lot to ask, but I would appreciate it very much if you could point out what I have misunderstood or misinterpreted. Thank you for a great video!

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 3 дні тому

      Think of it as saying: if ~B leads to a contradiction (A and ~A), then B is true. Written as a rule, it’s easier to understand: ~B -> ~A ~B -> A ________ B That’s one way to write the Reductio ad absurdum natural deduction rule, btw. So that’s basically what this axiom is doing.

  • @ASMRChess
    @ASMRChess 4 дні тому

    Great video

  • @JoshKings-tr2vc
    @JoshKings-tr2vc 4 дні тому

    I know this is old, but I just face a bit of curiosity enticing me. It seems that these modal symbols have to do with the relational states instead of the state itself, (ie. Describes something about the states around it that are accessible).

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 4 дні тому

      The symbols [] and <> aren’t really about states at all - they’re about the status of propositions, necessary or possible. They’re interpreted as quantifiers over related states. Not sure that was what you were asking tho!

  • @creativityhub1350
    @creativityhub1350 5 днів тому

    How is the Liar paradox not a problem for any of the other theories? Assuming all these theories abide by binary (true vs false) logic.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 4 дні тому

      It is, but (to me) the problem may be avoidable. For example, coherence or correspondence or whatever may allow exceptions to the t-scheme, whereas for deflationism, the t-scheme is built in to the definition of truth.

  • @truthtellerable2713
    @truthtellerable2713 5 днів тому

    Jesus stayed out of human politics. His main theme in the gospel account was the kingdom of God. Which is separate from human governments and politics. Stop trying to conflate the two. He stayed out of the Jewish rebellion against the Roman empire. He fled to the mountains when the Jews tried to make him king. He commanded his followers to pay taxes and to be good citizens but never encouraged them to get involved in human politics. He told us to pray for the Kingdom to come.... So until the Kingdom of God comes his followers should be imitating the example he set. Jesus was neither socialist or capitalist. He viewed himself as a citizen of Gods Kingdom and his true followers would do the same.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 4 дні тому

      Here’s a different way of asking the question: given the moral principles Jesus espoused, which political system best represents them?

  • @lalitthapa101
    @lalitthapa101 5 днів тому

    The thing is Socialism isnt only bound to Marxism and every other ideology which forwarded it. Theres so many schools of socialist thought which arent marxist at all like Gandhian socialism. So Jesus was definitely a socialist. Just not a marxist. Hope that makes sense lol

  • @luyombojonathan6688
    @luyombojonathan6688 5 днів тому

    I really appreciate your work especially your logic series

  • @witchdrew2454
    @witchdrew2454 6 днів тому

    Do you have a podcast?🥰

  • @patrickwithee7625
    @patrickwithee7625 7 днів тому

    Since this is about axioms, I’m going to leave the axioms for a logic that I call “Weak Negation Logic”. This is for anyone to see and use. (A→B)→(C→(A→B)) (A→(B→C))→((A→B)→(A→C)) ((A→B)→C)→(¬C→¬B) ¬(A→A)→B (¬(A→B)→B)→(A→B) (A∧B)→A (A∧B)→B (A→B)→((A→C)→(A→(B∧C))) A→(A∨B) B→(A∨B) (A→C)→((B→C)→((A∨B) →C)) (A∧(B∨C))→((A∧B)∨(A∧C)) From A and (A→B), infer B. P.S., you can distinguish between positive literals and meta-variables, in which case you can change the first axiom to A→(B→A) where A is a positive literal or A=(C→D). I call this modified version “Non-Intuitionistic Logic”. These are both basically propositional S4, but with some modifications.

  • @bartvanderhaegen6073
    @bartvanderhaegen6073 7 днів тому

    Will you be treating Critical Rationalism (Karl Popper's epistemoloogy) too ? It solves most of the problems with justified true belief epistemologies

  • @pfroncole1
    @pfroncole1 7 днів тому

    Every axiom can easily be shown to be a tautology by truth tree or RAA. As always, sentences with 100 arrows can be more easily handled by applications of the Deduction Theorem, that is the "meanings" become far clearer when the forms are reduced to their Deduction Theorem equivalent sentences..

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 7 днів тому

      Of course - you don’t want axioms that aren’t classically valid!

    • @pfroncole1
      @pfroncole1 7 днів тому

      @@AtticPhilosophy point is some are "obviously " valid (in the sense of being tautologies) while others are not. Im not quite clear on what you mean by "classically valid". If we are going to devise a test for "axiomatic validity" what should it be based on? Seems to me the axioms should be as few as possible and as simple as possible. I think most , if not all, axioms can be "validated" by truth tree construction but that adds a complicated and different layer to the axiomatic system.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 6 днів тому

      @@pfroncole1 A list of axioms defines a logical system. They don't need to be obvious, but should be classically (truth-table) valid, and together define what counts as valid. In sub-classical systems, such as relevant logic, you drop some of the classically valid axioms to avoid things you don't want, eg the "irrelevant" p->(q->p).

    • @pfroncole1
      @pfroncole1 6 днів тому

      I suppose p>(q>p) is "irrelevant " in the sense that it adds nothing to a system with p>p as an axiom. I've often wondered how the axioms are being selected apriori other than with the multi-valued truth table test for independence?

    • @pfroncole1
      @pfroncole1 6 днів тому

      I suppose p>(q>p) is "irrelevant " in the sense that it adds nothing to a system with p>p as an axiom. I've often wondered how the axioms are being selected apriori other than with the multi-valued truth table test for independence?

  • @samueldeandrade8535
    @samueldeandrade8535 8 днів тому

    Why people don't use another letter for p→p? For example, P. Or p². Or I, for Identity. This way you avoid making mistakes, I guess. The proof becomes: p→(I→p) (p→(I→p))→((p→I)→I) p→(I→p) (p→I)→I p→I I Also, there is a missing parentheses here: 13:27 . Hahaha. It should be ... ((p→(p→p))→(p→p))

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 7 днів тому

      That’s a useful trick, especially for abbreviating things more complex than p->p. Just got to be careful: I is neither a sentence letter nor a meta variable!

  • @samueldeandrade8535
    @samueldeandrade8535 8 днів тому

    4:40 I don't read A→(B→A) like that. I interpret it like characterizing A as everything that implies A.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 7 днів тому

      Ah, I was thinking of it as saying something about ->, not about A. So if you drop this axiom, what changes: A or -> ?

    • @samueldeandrade8535
      @samueldeandrade8535 7 днів тому

      @@AtticPhilosophy well ... Both change. If you drop the axiom, you lose information about → AND you lose characterization of A as the axiom implies. I know it doesn't look like that's the case, but the modern understanding about Logic and Math says that. To be more precise, A may be the same, as a proposition, but it is not the same considering its relations with the other propositions. So, in some sense, A changes too. Hehe.

  • @ShaunLovesMaths
    @ShaunLovesMaths 8 днів тому

    What do you think about Schrödinger logics?

  • @philociraptor6751
    @philociraptor6751 8 днів тому

    I'm a philosophy teacher, did my master thesis on Wittgenstein, and I must say I never got the point of mathematical logic for philosophy (let alone the proof of p ---> p !). None of the great philosophical contributions I've read so far (including in contemporary analytical philosophy) ever needed heavy logical tools. I'm talking about classical philosophical topics: metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of action, philosophy of religion, etc. Should I feel, some day, that I miss all these technical tools, I'll invest some time in it, but until then it looks like a waste of time to me. Could maybe someone give a few examples of significant contributions in some classical fields of philosophical that wouldn't have been possible without axiomatic logic?

    • @aboveman5321
      @aboveman5321 8 днів тому

      I suppose it depends on whether one deems it useful to make such axioms explicit . For example, the principle of non-contradiction was implicit all the way up through Plato. It wasn't useful to axiomatize it. Aristotle's formalization of the logical principle of non-contradiction was useful for him however when he decided to refute sophistical arguments that took advantage of ambiguities in grammar. Much in the same way Wittgenstein thought it was unnecessary to show how we use words until they are misused, in which case we require addressing their use explicitly in order to clear up the errors that come up from their misuse.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 8 днів тому

      Most of the big 20th C analytic philosophers were also logicians - Frege, Russell, (early) Wittgenstein, Carnap, Quine, Kripke, Lewis. Much of their work relies on developments in logic. Later Wittgenstein is probably the exception here. You can definitely understand a lot of philosophy without much logic, but it's hard to do work in metaphysics, mind, language, especially without some basic logic.

    • @matepenava5888
      @matepenava5888 8 днів тому

      Well, it definitely depends what you take under consideration. If you are doubtful about the entire formal logic project, I am very confused, as its use is quite obvious, showing that certain invalid arguments very similar to valid arguments are indeed invalid. Abstraction through formalization helps to capture each argument with the same form. On the other hand, if you are skeptical towards axiomatic proofs only, Mark said nicely at the begining of the video that natural deduction or truth trees are much easier for general use. The main use of axiomatic proofs was in philosophy of mathematics other than logic (a part of philosophy when I last checked). It is ok not to be interested in something, but it is not ok to say that something has no value just because you are not interested in it.

    • @philociraptor6751
      @philociraptor6751 8 днів тому

      @@AtticPhilosophy Some basic logic, you're absolutely right: fundamentals of propositional, first order and modal logic. Nothing very fancy. But I find the textbooks of philosophical logic overly technical and little helpful to understand or elaborate real philosophical arguments. And I still don't get the point of proving that p --> p ! ^^

    • @philociraptor6751
      @philociraptor6751 8 днів тому

      @@matepenava5888You're answering to a straw man. I don't say I'm "doubtful about the entire formal logic project". I just say I'm skeptical about the interest of those developments (at least most of them) for actual philosophy. It's not a pure intuition, but confirmed by what I know of current philosophical researches in various fields.

  • @tomholroyd7519
    @tomholroyd7519 8 днів тому

    > a => b b | F B T --+------ a F | T T T B | F B T T | F F T

  • @tomholroyd7519
    @tomholroyd7519 8 днів тому

    4:52 weakening is invalid 5:10 that longer one is valid, and it's not an axiom, you can compute it quite trivially

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 8 днів тому

      Depends on the logic but weakening is valid in most logics, invalid in relevant logics.

    • @samueldeandrade8535
      @samueldeandrade8535 8 днів тому

      What do you mean by "weakening is invalid"?

  • @tomholroyd7519
    @tomholroyd7519 8 днів тому

    3:20 There's like a dozen "axioms" for RM3, and one of them is "mingle", where the M comes from, which they added because the mathematical structure they accidentally created already had that property. It's really much simpler than that. Modus Ponens is a theorem you can PROVE using Category Theory

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 8 днів тому

      Modus Ponens isn't an axiom, it's a rule! And you need to use it to reason with category theory (or any other theory) - just try without.

  • @tomholroyd7519
    @tomholroyd7519 8 днів тому

    #RM3 conjunction is left adjoint to implication --- but "truth" is replaced with "validity" --- The Liar is valid, it is both true and false.

  • @jonc6463
    @jonc6463 8 днів тому

    Thank you. Also, I liked the brief mention of the Logical Positivists at the start, although given your area is logic, might be good to also explore the limits of axiomatic, indeed the limits of all sentence statements as a result of Gödel & the Incompleteness Theorem in some future presentations.

    • @creativityhub1350
      @creativityhub1350 8 днів тому

      It is precisely simple systems like syllogistic and propositional logics that Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems do NOT apply to! In order for a logic system to be subject to Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems it must be sufficiently expressive and consistent (e.g. peano arithmetic). There's even some arithmetics which are complete.

  • @ayodhyakinkarkabi2810
    @ayodhyakinkarkabi2810 8 днів тому

    Please make some videos on Speech act theory 🙏🏻

  • @James-ll3jb
    @James-ll3jb 9 днів тому

    His faith in logic rendered him dense. So sad.😊

  • @kostagacinovic
    @kostagacinovic 10 днів тому

    Thank you so much, this really opened my eyes

  • @charlesbrown8117
    @charlesbrown8117 11 днів тому

    Also, in regards to original sin as traditionally understood, Paul in Romans 5 seems to be talking about spiritual death (separation from God) rather than physical death.

  • @allenbrown8899
    @allenbrown8899 15 днів тому

    Thanks a million for all your great videos! I appreciate the effort required.

  • @andreasbrey6277
    @andreasbrey6277 20 днів тому

    ahhhhaaaaahhhhh!!

  • @Flynn-hl7ug
    @Flynn-hl7ug 21 день тому

    Sooooooo bloody helpful

  • @creativityhub1350
    @creativityhub1350 22 дні тому

    🔥🔥🔥🔥

  • @roylouis-zf7vm
    @roylouis-zf7vm 22 дні тому

    This channel is underrated.

  • @top115
    @top115 22 дні тому

    In 1:50 you show a picture from Wittgensteins School, there are two persons marked. Wittgenstein to the left and Adolf Hitler to the right. Just wanted to mention this. How or if they influenced each other is very controversal but its interesting to think about it.

  • @Logicalempirist-dream
    @Logicalempirist-dream 24 дні тому

    Hey, i know it have no relation with your video, but you have considerer talking about more rare or complex logic or authors, like Newton da Costa, and is paraconsistent logic for example, this guy is a beast, it will very interesting seen a video abaut it, i see very few people talking abaut it in anglo community, but in hispanic an latin lagic community, he is a big reference, or maybe de negationless logic of Griss, and the conception of negation in intuitionistic logic that is very interestinhg to, Greetings from Spain

  • @marcosgahan4366
    @marcosgahan4366 26 днів тому

    I love you man

  • @moimeme3122
    @moimeme3122 27 днів тому

    i feel like i now have a better idea of what ⊧ is, but what about A⊧B vs A⊢B? (sorry for abusing of your time but may i add the difference between the previous and A⊩B to this question?)

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 26 днів тому

      ⊧ is semantic entailment: (in every valuation/model) if A is true, then B is true. ⊢ is about proof: B can be proved/derived from A. These are standard symbols with fixed meanings. ⊩ is sometimes used to speak about a sentence being true relative to a possible world, state, situation or whatever: s ⊩ A means that A is true relative to (world/state/situation) s. (Some people also use ⊧ for this.)

  • @hatersgotohell627
    @hatersgotohell627 27 днів тому

    How is constituting somsthing not a cause for it? Im confused by this. Doesnt the brain confirgutation cause the mind to be a certain way?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 26 днів тому

      Constitution is usually a relation between two objects: eg the piece of plastic constitutes the shampoo bottle. Causation is usually between events: striking the match (in the right circumstances) causes the flame.

  • @samueldeandrade8535
    @samueldeandrade8535 28 днів тому

    I watched until 1:31 and get annoyed with the lack of answer. Hahahaha.

  • @nilton61
    @nilton61 28 днів тому

    How would things be if Wittgenstein had access to category theory?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy 26 днів тому

      Who knows? But my guess is that his views would have been roughly the same.

    • @nilton61
      @nilton61 26 днів тому

      @@AtticPhilosophy Probably, imo it might have added something

  • @jackdarby2168
    @jackdarby2168 28 днів тому

    What is language? Language is under the highest genus of quality. It is sensible quality. It is sensible quality that is auditory in character. It is sensible quality that is auditory in character and significant of something. It is significant sensible quality thay is auditory in character, significant of something and whose to power to signify comes convention.

    • @jackdarby2168
      @jackdarby2168 28 днів тому

      Meaning in th proper sense is a quality of language, for e.g. bank means inclined surface or financial institution; but it is also extended to mean what any sign stands for in reality, for e.g. the big cat like paw prints might mean there is a tiger near by.

  • @NavidVali
    @NavidVali 29 днів тому

    love your work

  • @glenn4232
    @glenn4232 Місяць тому

    This is brilliant and trippy